Pollution in Toronto

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A serious issue that many people in Toronto are facing in their day-to-day lives is the great phenomenon called pollution. The people of Toronto are facing serious health threats due to three major types of pollution. The first major type of pollution is water pollution, which effects many people in Toronto because of the many polluted streams, rivers, and lake Ontario which we receive our water from. Secondly, Torontonians are in risk due to the increasing amount of Air pollution which is proven to be a serious threat to our health. And Thirdly, Pesticide Pollution is another form of pollution which is on the rise to ruining our health. The city of Toronto and the people who live in it, are facing serious health threats due to water pollution, air pollution, and pesticide pollution which they should take seriously and not ignore.Pollution from storm water runoff and untreated overflows from sewers, degrade the quality of water in Toronto's creeks, rivers, and lake Ontario; Therefor,it is increasing the risk of health issues to the people of Toronto and the surrounding areas. The major water pollutants are chemical, biological, or physical materials that degrade our water quality. These pollutants can be divided into many categories, each of which presents its own hazards. Petroleum products, such as oil and chemicals used for fuel get into the water mainly by accidental spills by ships and tankers; many of these are poisonous if ingested, and often cause death. Heavy metals such as copper leak into the water from many sources, mainly industries, and when they reach high levels they can be severely poisonous or result in long term health problems such as liver and kidney damage. Hazardous wastes are chemical wastes that are toxic, and if they are improperly stored, they can pollute water supplies. Municipal waste are a complex mixture of human waste, suspended solids, and a variety of chemicals that come from residential, commercial and industrial activities. Other categories of water pollutants include: Industrial discharges, urban runoff, landfills and waste disposals,and thermal pollution. There are many sources of water pollution. The major source of water pollution is a result from human activities, which includes industrial sources, mines, sewage water, and can also derive from agricultural sources like farms; which contribute animal wastes, agricultural chemicals, and sediment from erosion. Water pollution can also originate from other types of pollution such as air pollution, which leads to acid rain. For the citizens of Toronto, water pollution is a great risk to our health due to our heavy pollution problems in rivers, streams, and lake Ontario. Problems such as bacterial contamination is a major threat to our health;because of the serious concern today of the toxic chemicals that enter our water from homes, farms, and industries. However, there is little known about the effects of these toxic substances on human health, because the effects do not become noticeable for long periods of time. Therefor, it is hard to differentiate them from other factors that impact our day to day life such as stress. Even though it is hard to pinpoint the effects, it is very important to research them and monitor Toronto's water quality. Good quality of water is a precious resource because of the vital role it plays in life on earth.Air pollutants, pose serious health threats and even death to many people in Toronto. It is important for the people of Toronto to be aware that air pollution is not just an issue in the smog-filled summer, but it is also a great issue and health threat in the winter months as well. Most air pollution comes from human activity; the burning of fossil fuels-natural gas, coal and oil to power industrial processes, and motor vehicles. Among the harmful chemical compounds this burning puts into the atmosphere, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, and tiny solid particles which include lead from gasoline additives called particulate are present. When fuels are incompletely burned, various chemicals called volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) also enter the air. Other sources of air pollution are from decomposing garbage in landfills and solid waste disposal sites, which emits gas, and many household products that give off VOCs. Pollution sources tend to be concentrated in cities, and local and regional pollution takes place in the lower level of the atmosphere. The lower level is the troposphere which is the region where most weather occurs. In Toronto, the most noticeable way to tell that our city has an air pollution problem is the mass amounts of smog that swallow up our city in the humid summer months. Smog is an intense local pollution that is usually trapped by a thermal inversion. Burning of gasoline in cars is the main source of smog in Toronto. Smog is dangerous because it contains ozone which is a form of oxygen gas made up of molecules; ozone in the lower atmosphere is poison and it irritates lung tissue. When the ozone level is high, other pollutants, including carbon monoxide are present at high levels as well. For the very young, the very old and people who suffer from asthma or heart disease, the effects of smog are dangerous. Smog can cause headaches or dizziness and can also cause severe breathing difficulties. In extreme cases, smog can lead to mass illness or death, mainly because of carbon monoxide poisoning. In 1952 in London, about 4000 people died in one of the notorious smog events known as "London fogs", and in 1962, another 700 Londoners died. Besides the chemicals that cause smog, several other pollutants attack the ozone layer. The most recognized are chemicals known as chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), which were formally used in refrigerants (in air conditioners), and propellants in spray cans. Due to the high usage of these chemicals, scientists are finding that CFCs are ruining the protective ozone layer and it is slowly thinning. Although CFC use has been greatly reduced over the years, it will soon be prohibited world wide. However, the result of the thinning ozone layer, there is an increase in skin cancer, and more people are expected to have cataracts. It is recognized that the comprehensive air quality strategy needs to be built on, integrate and ordinate existing efforts to improve Toronto's air quality. There is also awareness that the completed strategy should include provisions to measure and asses progress in cleaning up our air. "Moving towards cleaner air" is a program that generally focuses on smog issues; but the final strategy will deal with all outdoor air issues, including greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, toxins, and acid rain. It also addresses relevant goals and city directions outlined in council's strategic plan for the city of Toronto. Very shortly, a new law will be passed that is designed to: Provide improved public account abilities for all sources of air pollution in the province, motivate companies to lower their emissions, level the environmental playing field for companies in all economic sectors, help the ministry set and enforce new emissions limits, and track the progress of the ministry's air quality initiatives. Hopefully, this law will improve Toronto's air quality, which will therefor improve the people of Toronto's health, and reduce the risk of serious illnesses.Besides water and air pollution, pesticides create serious health threats toTorontonians. This is because of the amount used on neighborhood lawns, and the amount of pesticides found on the food we consume. Chemicals used to kill unwanted pests, and plants on farms, or in suburban yards, may be collected by rainwater runoff and carried into streams, which greatly affects the drinking water in Toronto. Some of these chemicals are biodegradable and quickly decay into harmless or less harmful forms, while others are non-biodegradable and remain dangerous for a long time. Even though synthetic chlorinated pesticides have been used since the 1940s, for several decades scientists have found serious environmental ramifications associated with some of them. Canada has regulations and screening processes in place but there are still many unanswered questions to how they effect humans. There are also new problems which will increase pesticide pollution in Toronto. If our climate warms, it may become possible to plant crops in areas that were previously considered unsuitable, and this could cause changes in the pattern of pesticide use. Furthermore, changes in climate could also introduce new pests to Canada, which could result in an increase of pesticide use. The reason why pesticide pollution is such an issue is because researchers have found that people with high levels of pesticides and chemicals, known as PCBs, in their blood streams are for more likely to develop genetic mutations linked with cancer of the pancreas. There is also growing concern about the effects of "gender bender" hormone disrupter chemicals that are feared to be affecting the endocrine system in humans and wildlife which are found in many pesticides. Trace levels of such chemicals are found across the world in food and water, and they can build up and concentrate in the fat of animals including human beings. There are many different health risks caused by pesticide pollution because there are many different chemicals that are used in them. The risk, however, is how much they are actually used. For example, Dursban is the most widely used insecticide. To date, between 15 and 24 million pounds have been used each year, two to four million pounds in the home and garden. One thousand cases of poisoning are reported annually, with such symptoms of nausea, headaches and dizziness. Lack of treatment to these effects could pose long term damage to the nervous system. Too many households are using pesticides too often that it is hard to avoid the health risks. The need for awareness and information on the hazards are vital in order for Toronto to be healthy.

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It is very necessary for the citizens of Toronto to be aware of the causes, sources, and hazards of the pollution in our city. In order for this to happen, it is important to put more money into research and development for us to discover where pollution is coming from and how to prevent it, and possibly solve it. However, until then, it is important that Torontonians look at water, air and pesticide pollution as a threat to our health, and something that should be taken seriously. Please note that this sample paper on Pollution in Toronto is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Pollution in Toronto, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Pollution in Toronto will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Punitive Damages and theCatholic Church

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The crime of sexual abuse against children is a most heinous and evil act, a crime that requires severe and decisive action against the perpetrator and conspirators. Child molestation is awful and causes years of mental anguish, shame, confusion, and pain that can cause a lifetime of cognitive and emotional disability. This is the crime priests and their superiors are being charged with. In an interview with John Feister of American Catholic Online, Bishop John F. Kinney, head of the U.S. bishops committee on clergy sexual abuse said, If there are people out there who are wondering, is the Church reassigning to ministry and to the parishes those who have abused minors, I am saying, no way. We cannot put the young people of the Church at risk. Unfortunately, many bishops did not take this to heart and criminal priests continued to practice and molest the most vulnerable of victims. Without exception, every one of the 188 dioceses in the American Catholic Church has faced or is facing claims of child sex abuse (Michalski). In the case of sexual abuse of children on the behalf of priests, punitive damages have shown to be an effective and necessary punishment and deterrent. During the past decade serious concern has been expressed regarding the role of punitive damage awards in the civil justice system in the United States. It has been argued that awards often bear no relation to deterrence and merely reflect a jurys dissatisfaction with a defendant and a desire to castigate without regard to the true harm threatened by the defendants conduct (Freeadvice.com). In the case of a most trusted confidant brazenly defiling a child, the harm and the defendants conduct is at the pinnacle of horrid and the jury should be able to freely award punitive damages to show their dissatisfaction. Others have countered that civil awards of punitive damages have an important place in our judicial system and serve to punish wrongdoers who not only deserve such treatment, but who in a number of instances would otherwise profit from their wrongful conduct. In any event, after all the arguments are considered, the bottom line is a court awards punitive damages only if the defendants act was so horrible and offensive that the court believes it is important to make an example out of the defendant. Punitive damages are not awarded to compensate for direct injuries or property damage but are instead added to the compensatory damages in order to discourage other would be wrongdoers from acting in a similar way (Freeadvice.com). Punitive damages are exactly as it sounds, it is intended to punish the Defendant. Financial restitution should be a mandatory sentence in priest pedophilia due to complete disregard for civil law and the lack of corrective action dispensed by the Catholic Church in each of the complaints brought forth. The groundbreaking case of Rudy Kos set the precedent that the Catholic Church itself could be held financially responsible for the harm done by a priests wrong doings. A combination of a jury verdict and settlements in related civil suits required the Diocese of Dallas, where Kos had served as a pastor, to pay eleven victims $11 million, a record sum in monetary restitutions (Michalski). The jury decided that Bishop Charles Grahmann of Dallas and his predecessor, Bishop Thomas Tschoeppe, who headed the diocese when Kos committed the first of his crimes, and their hierarchy knew about Koss abuse, did nothing to stop it, and then tried to cover it up. So far, more than ,000 Catholic priests in America have been accused of sexual misconduct with minors, and nearly ,000 insurance claims have been paid. Rudy Kos is one of only a few dozen priests to actually serve prison time (Michalski).

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Victims organizations and others say the total payout has climbed past $1 billion, with another half-billion pending. Church officials insist the payout is far less, but they wont open their books to provide numbers (CBSNews.com). If punitive damages are meant to prevent future criminal action and to bring about corrective action on the behalf of the criminals, the acute extent to which the church has had to provide restitution has done its job. Several necessary and overdue laws have been made to help disway and punish would be offenders in the church parish. As an example of punitive damages truly making a difference in the actions of the U.S. Catholic Church, Bishop James Sullivan of Fargo, North Dakota in July 1, made diocesan employees sign a covenant saying they had not and would not commit a list of 14 specific sins. The list included pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, causing a pregnancy outside marriage, sexual harassment, and homosexuality, along with embezzlement and drunk driving all crimes the diocese can be charged with and sued for (Steinfels). As a direct result from the monetary restitutions paid to the abuse victims, the most impressive move made by the Catholic Church so far in repairing and preventing future damage took place in Washington, D.C., in November 001, as the United States Catholic bishops met and overwhelmingly approved revisions to their sex-abuse policy (Zimmerman). The new and long overdue policy no longer allows for cover-ups and calls for removing offending priests from ministry. The new policy requires that bishops follow local civil laws when it comes to reporting abuse claims, and the bishops pledged to report all accusations involving children to civil authorities. Review boards including lay people will be allowed to monitor abuse claims. At their June 00 meeting, the U.S. bishops agreed to bar from ministry any priest who has ever sexually abused a minor. As a result, bishops in Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis, Louisville and other dioceses removed priests with credible allegations against them from parishes, hospitals and administrative positions. Retired priests were informed they could no longer wear a clerical collar or present themselves as priests (Zimmerman).Another improvement in the handling of sexual abuse problems in the church due to punitive damages is The Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People, and the accompanying set of canonical regulations, which requires that all allegations of abuse be reported to law-enforcement officials. The charter marks the first-ever uniform national policy on clergy sex abuse for Catholic dioceses. The 15-point plan includes -Outreach and ministry to victims, without the requirement of secrecy-The removal from ministry of any priest who has had substantiated allegations made against him -The removal from ministry includes a ban on saying Mass and wearing a clerical collar-The establishment of a national Office for Youth and Child Protection at the USCCB to monitor the policies and compliance in dioceses around the country-Preventive measures against future abuse that include parish education programs, background checks -Closer monitoring of priests who transfer dioceses, and cooperation with religious orders, ecumenical and community prevention efforts. (Zimmerman)Also, new websites have been formed to provide information, feedback, and consolation for those affected. Mary Jean of Leominster, who directs the site at www.worcestervoice.com, said the site gives news and information about the issue of priest abuse in the Worcester Diocese; lists priests who have been removed by the diocese amid allegations of sexual misconduct; and allows interested people to follow the court actions and civil lawsuits (CNN.com). Survivors Network Against Priest Abuse, another national advocacy group, which is also known as SNAP, has a Web site with broader New England and national reach at www.survivorsnetwork.org. SNAP, the largest self-help group protested the more complicated, lengthy, and secretive investigation process now planned. The group also sent bishops a letter listing 1 steps that could be taken without Vatican approval or canon law reform (CNN.com). The support group called SurvivorsFirst.org took a major step to spread information on abuse. It launched the first public national database of priests involved in alleged abuse, starting with some 600 names. It lists priests who have been convicted, face pending legal action, reached settlements, or are the subject of allegations reported in newspapers. It also will list priests cleared of false allegations (CNN.com). An apology for the sexual abuse of children priests from the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops is not enough to repair the terrible damage that has been done. Priests who prey on children get by with it longer and therefore harm more youngsters than other predators. Church officials have recycled molesters instead of turning the suspected abusers over to the police. Such priests do immeasurable harm, by robbing their victims of the precious source of consolation and healing of spirituality. Bishops regularly transferred priests who had preyed upon innocent children, never insisting these crimes be reported to the police, and they treated the victims as adversaries whose claims should be denied. Now is the time to offer counseling, financial help, true contrition and amends to the victims. Now is the time to review why there have been so many predators in the ranks of church officials. Unless the bishops learn from this tragedy, these crimes will be committed again. Punitive damages are a necessary step in helping to repair the damage and prevent further abuse. Works Cited"Cardinals still working on priest abuse policy." CNN.com. ( Apr. 00) n. pag. Online. Internet. Oct. 00.Feister, John B. " Debate on accountability." Americancatholic.org (1 Nov. 00) n. pag. Online. Internet. 8 Oct. 00.Michalski, Dan. "The price of priestly pederasty." Crisismagazine.org (Oct. 00) n. pag. Online. Internet. 8 Oct. 00."Priest abuse could cost church $100M." CBSNews.com (05 Mar. 00) n. pag.. Online. Internet. 0 Oct. 00. Steinfels, Peter. "The church's sex abuse crisis-whats old, whats new, whats needed and why." Commonwealth Apr 00 11-14."What are punitive damages?" Freeadvice.com n. pag. Online. Internet. 0 Oct. 00. http//freeadvice.com/general_practice/legal_remedies/damages_punitive.htmZimmerman, Julie. " U.S. bishops approve revised sex-abuse policy." Americancatholic.org (1 Nov. 00) n. pag. Online. Internet. 8 Nov. 00. Please note that this sample paper on Punitive Damages and theCatholic Church is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Punitive Damages and theCatholic Church, we are here to assist you. 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Raves

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Raves. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Raves paper right on time.

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We've all seen them before. Maybe at a bus stop, in our schools, or at the coffee shop. "They" look odd enough to frighten a circus clown, but for some reason, they always smile when you look their way. Perhaps it's that their hair is the color of the sunset or that their pants look like they could house a small family. It could be that their headphones seem permanently glued to their ears and that they're never afraid to groove on the sidewalk. Whatever the reason, you know that "they" are not quite normal. You may call them "freaks," or "punks," or simply "those crazy kids." But if you did, you'd be misled for "they" are not you're average young people, no, "they" are ravers. Before we go any further, I think I should first dispel some rumors and ease your mind of the negative thoughts that must be sweeping through it. What do you think of when you hear the word rave? Drugs? Hoodlum kids running amuck? Loud music that interferes with the whole community's sleeping habits? Violence? The dictionary defines the word "rave" as a numerous amount of things, such as "an act or instance" or the verb "to talk with extreme enthusiasm," but this is one case where Webster has got it all wrong. What is the true definition of a rave? In most cases, a rave is simply a dance party where guests experience a sense of camaraderie and elevated consciousness through the presence of music. This means there is an abundance of dance expression, interaction with other such ravers, and a positive mood change. And while there are sometimes drugs involved, there is absolutely no deliberate disturbance of the peace and zero tolerance for violence. But I'm getting ahead of myself. Let's divulge into the history of this invigorating phenomenon. The exact origin of raves is unknown, though many say the gatherings are reminiscent of American Indian religious ceremonies, like pow-wows. The first modern raves are said to have occurred in English warehouses around 187 and were focused around homosexual males. Since then, raves have grown more than anyone might think possible. With this growth has come evolution as well. Raves are now held in nearly almost city or town, whether it be heavily populated or in the middle of cornfields. Customarily, they are centered in abandoned warehouses decked out in black lights and strobes, but they have taken place on beaches, in caves, and virtually any other place with enough room for the 500-1500 person congregation. The genre of participants has expanded to include anyone, male or female, heterosexual or homosexual. Usually the attendants are from the age of 18-7, but some are as young as 1 or as old as 50. And unlike their English predecessors, the raves of today are not entirely underground. You can find out about raves through the grapevine, on the internet, or from flyers. These flyers are strategically located where most ravers are located, like coffee shops, vintage clothing shops, and independent record stores. The people in charge of these raves are called promoters and are often ravers or ex-ravers. They tend to be males slightly older than your average raver, but once again, anybody can do it. Promoters are in charge of creating a safe environment and ensuring that everybody has the best experience possible. Like a car without wheels, a rave is useless without a good DJ. DJs are like the masters of ceremony for these raves and responsible for all music played. They spin with one goal in mind to get their listeners dancing. Electronic music is practically the only genre played due to its heavy dance pulse and message-less rhythm. This type of music includes techno, house, and jungle, which are all similar types of the dance-oriented beats. As raves are often a way for the sojourner to escape from their daily woes of work or school, it is vital that the music is as monumental as a religious experience. The music is a mediator, a way for the patron to set themselves free. The freedom is expressed through dancing and ravers often lose themselves to the tempo as if in meditation. The music is intended to lull the conscious mind while simultaneously accentuating the subconscious mind.

Since raves have tendency to focus on heightened senses, drugs are sometimes present. Popular rave drugs include LSD, MDMA, and Ketamine HCI. LSD is more commonly known as Acid and is known for distorting and intensifying sensory input. But even ravers do not advocate the use of acid because if things go wrong while the user is under the influence, a rave full of friends yet to be made can quickly become a dank warehouse crowded with frightening strangers. MDMA is the drug-of-choice and is known as Ecstacy, which is in turn nicknamed either "E" or "X." E increases the feeling of love and is accompanied by slight hallucinations, however, has less potential for dismaying trips. Lastly is Ketamine HCI, which is referred to as Special K. Special K is an intense dissociative psychadelic. When ravers are under the influence of such drugs, they can often be seen with pacifiers in their mouths or medical masks that cover the mouth and nose. The pacifier serves as a hindrance for the teeth-grinding that is a popular side affect. The masks are spread with a thin layer of Vicks Vapor Rub, which enhances the high. Although drugs seem so prominent in the rave society, there are many drug-free raves and the amount of such is dramatically increasing. Also, whether it be drug-free or otherwise, alcohol is not commonly present at the parties. Once a rave has established it's music, all that is left to make it a success is the ravers themselves. All ravers become susceptible to "The Vibe," which is the feeling any event leaves you with. However, where raves differ is that the vibe is so powerful that many become obsessed with it and see it as a form of telepathic energy that has a profound impact on their lives. The vibe can also be used to describe other ravers. If somebody around a raver is not happy or enjoying themselves, they posses a bad vibe. However, if everybody is rhapsodic, vivacious, and sprightly, they would say the rave had a good vibe or that the people contributed a strong vibe. A strong vibe is the result of a powerful bond between ravers. This can be associated to the raver philosophy, which is PLUR. PLUR stands for peace, love, unity, and respect and is prominent at any rave. The unity is especially marked because of the affection between ravers, no matter how different they are. Once you're dancing, you are bonded with everybody else on that floor that you are dancing with! Because of this motto of PLUR, it is customary for ravers to approach complete strangers and express more love and compassion than one may normally vocalize for their dearest friends. One could attend a rave alone, and if the vibe is strong, leave with a thousand friends. The more diversity that is in a group, the more respect there is. It's accepted that everyone is different. Speaking of being different, there is still the issue of appearance. Exactly why do those kids have goofy hair and glowsticks in their mouths? Color is a key roll in rave fashion. Nearly everything worn is bright and neon so it can be illuminated underneath the flashing lights. Also, bright colors are synonymous with happiness, therefore, ravers will often wear bright things to help promote a generally fun, pleasing mood. Many clothing articles are often glow in the dark to gain a great visual affect under blacklights. Glowsticks are used in dancing, also for the visual affect. All clothing is worn to be functional, but it helps if fun attributes are added. For example, it is customary to wear baggy pants that allow your legs more moving space, but instead of having solid colored pants, rave pants will often have reflective taping or loops to hold glowsticks. Tighter shirts are beneficial to lessen the contact with clothing that could interfere in dancing as well. Tighter shirts allow your arms more movement. T-shirts or tank tops worn are often adorned in neon colors with pictures and illustrations of fun characters from children's stories or TV shows, like Dr. Seuss, The Care Bears, My Little Pony, or The Powerpuff Girls. This is to promote the jubilant air at a rave. Jogging shoes, especially Adidas, are extremely popular also because of their comfort and benefits for dancing. But just as important as the clothing articles are the accessories. Candy jewelry is often worn, as well as any brightly colored beaded necklaces, multiple glittery bracelets, bright makeup, and anything shimmery! The clothing is another way to express yourself at a rave, so it is also endorsed to dress strictly for comfort. One could wear anything to a rave and be accepted. In the words of a webmaster named Seanbaby who has a website on rave fashion, "If you want to make an outfit out of saran wrap and wear a tin foil space helmet, no one there will make fun of you." And it's true! No matter what their personal style is, ravers will always be themselves. Unfortunately, there are still people who refuse to believe that a rave is centered around love and peace. Police officers seem to enjoy shutting down raves, much to the dissapointment of eager dancers everywhere. Authorities are under the impression that a gathering of young people will most definitely result in trouble, so they use minor infractions to shut down raves while they are just beginning. Some reasons may be fire code violations, noise complaints, traffic flow impeded on nearby roads, infractions against public assembly, loitering, or violation of curfew. Though one would have an extravagantly difficult time trying to get a group of ravers to fight, police fear that criminal activities will break out before the night is over. And when the night is over, everyone goes home fulfilled. A raver once said "If you wish to change your thoughts, go to a psychiatrist. If you wish to change your life, go to a rave." For while you are just ending another dull day in a monotonous life, "they" are just getting ready. "They" are beginning to meet up with friends. "They" are preparing for their day. Because for "them", the day does not begin until the first record spins. "They" are ravers. Please note that this sample paper on Raves is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Raves, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Raves will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Midsummer Nights dream

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Midsummer Nights dream. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Midsummer Nights dream paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Midsummer Nights dream, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Midsummer Nights dream paper at affordable prices !Obviously the main characters in this scene are the mechanicals, although the lords do add to the dramatic effect of the scene and influence the other characters. In order to make this scene so funny, Shakespeare has used a lot of literary devices to emphasise the humour. The play is a parody of "Romeo And Juliet".The star of the play is Pyramus, who is played by Bottom. In contrast to most of the other characters, Bottom is not at all nervous, and should come across as boastful and big-headed. As soon as Pyramus enters for his first scene with Thisby and Wall, he should march on stage very proudly and confidently. Pyramus should use his words to create a mood, by rolling his "r's" and lengthening the "o" in his first speech. By doing this he is making himself sound false and affected, creating a lot of Melodrama. A lot of repetition is used in the speech, such as "alack", which sounds exaggerated and again adds to the melodrama. Pyramus is so nervous and excited that he is quick to jump to conclusions as to why Thisby is not there, and these nerves should be shown by facial expressions, such as a sharp intake of breath and widening of the eyes, as well as the speech quickening up and the hands being raised to the head in despair. Pyramus should be very exaggerated in the way that he tries to persuade the wall to "Show me thy chink", and I think he should shower it with affection, giving him kisses whilst speaking to him and perhaps winking at him, as if he is in love with him. When Pyramus realises that he cannot see Thisby through the wall he should become extremely angry with the wall, and be violent towards him, kicking him and pushing him to the floor. This changing of emotions and them back again is called an antithesis, and it is emphasised by taking both of the emotions to the extreme. Through out the play Pyramus should continue doing this, exaggerating everything he feels like the upset of Thisby's death (or so he thought) and his anger at the lion. By doing this Pyramus thinks that he looks very good and people are enjoying the play, but in fact the audience are laughing at how ridiculous he is. Pyramus makes one big mistake during the play, which is the way that he reacts to the audience and comes out of character, which reminds us of just how amateurish the play is. Shakespeare very slyly gives us hints all the way through of how the play is going to end, such as using the name Limander, which of course is meant to be Lyander who died a heroic death, but the mispronunciation tells us that it will be a comic death. During Pyramus' speeches there is to much alliteration used which makes him sound ridiculous, such as " Gracious, golden, glittering gleams". When he is talking to the moon from "but stay, o spite" Pyramus should repeatedly change the pitch of his voice from high to low to emphasise and create melodrama. Shakespeare often uses similes so that Pyramus compares himself With a Greek hero, which emphasises to the audience how stupid and unlike one he is. Pyramus' stupidity is again emphasised with the classic malapropism " Deflowered my dear", which turns the statement from a sad one to a hilariously funny one which increases melodrama. Pyramus' final act of dying and then telling everyone that he has died simply sums up the stupid, overconfident man that he is.Thisby should be acted as a very feminine character, who always has an extremely high voice and is always skipping. She should use a lot of hand gestures and be very innocent. In her first speech when she is talking to the wall, she personifies it and uses a metaphor to describe his "cherry lips". I think that Thisby should be a very flirtatious person who will flutter her eyelashes at the wall and generally touch him a lot. The way that she admires the wall creates melodrama, because it is such a ridiculous idea that she should be admiring a pile of bricks! Throughout the whole play Thisby should have an attitude of nervous excitement, because she is disobeying rules and she is romantically meeting her lover by starlight. When talking to Pyramus, Thisby likens herself to Helen, the lover of Hero, which is ridiculous as Helen was meant to have amazing beauty, and in reality Thisby is being played by a man. Thisby's line "'Tide life, 'tide death, I come without delay" is Melodramatic because she is needlessly turning it into a life and death situation. This line is also ironic, because in fact the meeting that has been arranged does result in two deaths! When Thisby arrives at Ninus' tomb, she should be skipping excitedly but being very secretive, and when she is faced with the Lion she should jump very high, give a high-pitched scream, raise her arms in the air, Throw her mantle towards the lion and flee whilst sobbing. These exaggerated actions will emphasise her cowardliness and stupidity and will make it very melodramatic. In her final speech, when Thisby says "Dead, dead?" she should raise her voice on the second dead which shows that she is very naïve and has only just realised that Pyramus is dead. When Thisby is asking the questions Pyramus should react to them and try to answer as he still wants to be the centre of attention, which could scare and confuse Thisby. Thisby should whisper to Pyramus to be dead, which will make the audience laugh and totally destroy the mood. In this final speech Thisby should have a look of intense shock and pain on her face and should use a lot of hand gestures, such as the hands covering her mouth or to her head. Thisby uses a simile, " His eyes were as green as leeks", which would make the audience laugh as she thinks she is describing Pyramus as beautiful, but in fact she is using an Ugly and Smelly vegetable to describe him! Throughout the production there are lots of repeated concepts, such as when Thisby talks about "his thread of silk", which Pyramus also mentioned earlier on. These repetitions make the production tedious. When Trhisby tries to take the sword out of Pyramus, there should be a fight as Pyramus is not yet ready to give up his sword and his glory. This will emphasise how ridiculous the pair are. Thisby's death should also be melodramatic but a lot more tasteful than Pyramus'. There should be a lot of waving, curtseying and crying.The person who begins the play is the Prologue, played by Peter Quince, Who is extremely nervous. His very first words "If we offend, it is with our good will" give the wrong meaning, and things get worse from there! All of his words are muddled up and he does not have any of his punctuation in the right place. When he is speaking he should stumble over many of the words and become very flustered, knocking his glasses of and crawling around to find them as well as constantly mopping his brow. This actions together with a look of extreme embarrassment and pain on his face should emphasise how nervous he is. When the audience laughs at him he should look like he is about to cry, and he should become even more flustered and muddled up with his words. In fact he should not be saying anything at all as he is giving away the story to the audience, which is a terrible thing to do. He personifies the Wall and describes him as vile, which is a hyperbole as the wall did not choose to stand were it does and it is an exaggeration. The Prologue is trying to be clever, but in fact he looks ridiculous as he makes to many mistakes and it is very amateurish to tell the story at the beginning of a play.

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The Wall is an extremely nervous character and a very weak person. At the beginning of the play he states the obvious, "That I am that same wall", and he does not say it very well. He gestures the chink which is again not needed, and I think to make this even more ridiculous he should get his arms caught up in his clothes and rip them pulling it out! Immediately the Lords begin to tease him because of his stupidity, but because he is very stupid he takes their comments literally and this gives him confidence as he thinks that they like him. When the Wall says "And this cranny is, right and sinister," he is showing how amateurish he is because he actually means that the lovers make the cranny sinister, but it cannot possibly be sinister on its own. When Pyramus is speaking to Wall and showering him with affection, the Wall must be very surprised and very pleased. He should be slightly embarrassed and very bashful, and as he is so stupid he does not understand that Pyramus is only doing it because he wants something. When Pyramus kisses his arm, the Wall should be almost bursting with pleasure. As soon as Pyramus asks to see the cranny, the wall should raise his arm as he is trying to please him. When Pyramus gets angry the Wall should be totally shocked and upset as eh thought that Pyramus actually liked him, and when Pyramus becomes violent he should burst into tears. When Pyramus explains to Theseus that it is only an act, the Wall should look confused and angry at Pyramus. When Wall describes how he has "Discharged his part so", he should say it proudly and with conviction which makes him look ridiculous. When the audience starts laughing at him he should look hurt and stumble as he walks of which makes them laugh even more. When Moonshine first starts to speak he should be very clam and pleasant, smiling and enjoying himself. When he explains everything he has with him he should act as though he is talking to young children who do not understand. He should also have a very sing-song voice that is patronising. The second time that he begins to speak after the interruption he should be slightly cross but still trying to be pleasant and forcing the sing-song voice. The final time that he speaks after having been interrupted again he is extremely angry. He has lost all pretence of being happy and growls out his lines to the audience as quickly and abruptly as he can, flinging his arms about and consequently dropping his lantern. When he is finally able to leave the stage he should storm off very loudly, stamping his feet.The final character is Lion. He is very nervous and timid, and does not want to be on stage in front of thousands of people, so is consequently almost paralysed with fear. He should creep about the stage, muttering his lines and roaring very quietly. When the audience laughs he should look unsure of whether to smile or cry, so he does it again and repeats it until it is quite an impressive roar. What the Lion has to say is quite ridiculous, and when he talks about the "smallest monstrous mouse that creeps on floor", he is in fact using an oxymoron, a contrast whilst talking about one thing, which again shows how badly written the play is. Please note that this sample paper on Midsummer Nights dream is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Midsummer Nights dream, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Midsummer Nights dream will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Hamlet Foils

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1)Reading Hamlet reminded me of a humorous moment in my life. I was a young soldier in the US Armys Airborne School, preparing to make my first jump out of an airplane. Every logical and rational thought I had was telling me not to do it, but there was also a raw urge pushing me to do it. There was no reason for me to jump, except that it was what I just had to do. Compared to life, this decision was very minor. Many of us are faced with much larger decisions, with very real and permanent consequences. So why do some of us back away from them, while others seem to just plunge right into them? The answer is not as simple as some would believe. ()Hamlet was faced with a decision upon learning that Claudius murdered his father. Should he believe the ghost, and avenge his fathers murder? Or is the ghost evil, trying to coerce him into killing Claudius? Throughout the play, we see Hamlets struggle with this issue. Many opportunities arise for him to kill Claudius, but he is unable to act because he cannot convince himself to believe the Ghost. Shakespeare uses Laertes and Fortinbras as foils to Hamlet, in order to help us understand why Hamlet acts the way he does. ()Foils are used in plays so that the readers are better able to understand the major character (Hamlet). In a foil, the minor character is similar in many ways to the main character so that we will compare the two. However, it is through these similarities that we are able to see the more important differences between the two. [Short paragraph] (4)The major foil for Hamlet is Laertes, the son of Polonius. The most obvious similarity is that they are both young men. They also come from relatively similar backgrounds, a Danish aristocratic upbringing. They also both have some college education. This leads us to another similarity; [Semicolons vs. colons] they both have the ability to use logical and rational reasoning. However, they do differ on their applications of logical reasoning.

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(5)We see this logical and rational reasoning in Hamlet, in Acts 1& when he sets up the mouse trap for Claudius, in order to determine if he is guilty of murdering his father. Hamlets ability to think many moves ahead and predict what the kings reaction will be if he is guilty, shows a type of reasoning beyond a normal person. [Hmmm] In Laertes we see a logical and rational reasoning process when he decides not to kill Claudius, but rather join the king in a plot to kill Hamlet. Laertes is smart enough to listen to the king. However, he could not have known that the king was being deceitful. We can see that both Hamlet and Laertes try to use their wits to solve problems. (6)There is also another similarity between the two; [Semicolons vs. colons] they both are very concerned about the significant female in their lives. Hamlet is very concerned about his mothers relationship with Claudius, and he obsesses over it. For example in the closet scene in Act , Hamlet tells his mother not to sleep with Claudius anymore. He wants his mother to be virtuous, and he forcefully urges her to do so. Laertes is also concerned about a female character, his sister Ophelia. He expresses his concern over her relationship with Hamlet. He makes a point of telling this to her before he leaves for France. He warns her that Hamlet will just hurt her in the long run, because he most likely will not marry a woman of her rank. He also makes a point that she too should remain virtuous and not loose [sic; a dangerous error here -- some readers will wander off track thinking about the connotations of loose in this context.] her virginity to Hamlet. (7)A less obvious similarity between the Hamlet and Laertes is the scrutiny that they are under from their parents. Hamlet is being watched carefully by Claudius and his mother, through his childhood friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The king and queen have asked them to determine Hamlets state of mind. Polonius also sends his man, Reynaldo, to France in order to determine what Leartes's habits and behaviors are. Booth sets of parents do this under less than honest conditions. Instead of asking directly, they use deceit in order to find out the truth. [As you examine other essays in this set, note how some writers simply state that Hamlet and Laertes are similar without stating any similarities. This paper is much stronger in that it devotes four distinct paragraphs to establishing the similarities. Whereas in many essays I ask for evidence or examples, no one can say that this writer does not have reasons for comparing Laertes to Hamlet. A major focus of this course is to improve your ability to make a statement and support it. This writer demonstrates here that he or she knows how to do this.] (8)All of these similarities help us to see the more important differences between Hamlet and Laertes. The major difference is that Laertes takes his family honor seriously. Unlike Hamlet[,] he does not do it in a selfish way. He takes immediate action, rather than waiting and playing games. We see Laertes storm the palace with an angry mob when he hears of his father[]s murder, and he calls the king vile to his face. Hamlet, upon learning that his father was murdered, just talks and contemplates what to do, rather than move to action and avenge his death. He clearly had many opportunities to act, but he was unable to bring himself to action. Secondly, Laertes is up front with his sister about her relationship with Hamlet, while Hamlet waits until late into the play to confront his mother about her marriage to Claudius. We will clearly see that Hamlets inability to act quickly is a major problem for him in this play. ()What this foil between Laertes and Hamlet shows us is that they are similar in some of their concerns. However, the differences show us the motivation behind their concerns and actions. Hamlet thinks mostly about himself, and how his consequences will affect him and his world. [Here I would like to see more evidence.] Laertes is genuinely concerned with his family honor. We see this when he argues with the priest over his sisters burial rites. He honors his sister, rather than worrying about the consequences of yelling at a priest. [Nice] Hamlet most likely would have said nothing because he would have analyzed the consequences. There is a definite pattern in how they both act, Laertes with force and emotion[,] and Hamlet with reserve and fear. [fear? I want evidence.] (10)Finally, the most important interaction between Laertes and Hamlet is in the duel in the last seen. [scene] It is only at this time that Hamlet takes a stand. However, after Laertes reveals the kings plot to him, Hamlet finally seizes the opportunity to avenge his fathers murder. Laertes lays [lies] dying, as Hamlet finally ends the conflict. Without the obvious truth from Laertes, Hamlet might never have taken action. It seems ironic[,] however, that Hamlet only acted after he knew he would die. More ironic is that he did not kill Claudius for revenge of his father, but more out of anger and hatred. Some may also note that Hamlet only acted after his mother had died, leaving us with the another question. Did Hamlet kill Claudius to avenge his mothers death? [The ideas in this paragraph are very nice.] (11)A second foil to Hamlet is Fortinbras, the young prince from Norway. The similarities are quite obvious. [1] Fortinbras is a son of a king, as is Hamlet. Also, military defeat and sickness have weakened Fortinbras[] father. Hamlet[]s father has been murdered, and his stepfather is a morally weak and deceitful man. More importantly, Fortinbras and Hamlet seek to avenge the deaths of their fathers. Fortinbras does this by attempting to mount an army against Poland, and to regain respect for his father. This is where the differences come into play. [Very nice details] (1)Fortinbras actually takes action to seek revenge for his fathers defeat. Hamlet does not. He is unable to bring himself to action, and spends most of his time in a state of madness. The only time he acts decisively is when he kills Polonius, and again that was from a moment of anger. Another notable difference is the respect they show their fathers. Upon hearing of Fortinbras[] plan to attack Denmark, his father [uncle] orders him to cease, and Fortinbras obeys. Hamlet does not obey his fathers command to avenge his murder, and to leave his mother alone. Instead he doubts his father (the ghost), rather than accept his request. [In spite of the error, this is still nice detail.] (1)What this foil shows us is that Hamlet is not a character that displays the ability to act as a king. He was unable to act decisively, and he constantly questioned the world. He sought a truth, in a world that is not always truthful. He could not act until the truth was laid out in front of him. Fortinbras and Hamlet never exchanged words, but Fortinbras thought that Hamlet would have made a good king. Perhaps in death he seemed like a good king, [;] however most readers would know that wouldnt be true. [The main idea of this paragraph is excellent, but be careful in making claims about what other people will or will not do.] (14)Through the use of Laertes and Fortinbras as foils for Hamlet we are able to understand why Hamlet was unable to act quickly in avenging his father[]s death. He was indecisive due to his selfishness and quest for the truth. He would not let family honor be the reason for acting quickly to avenge his fathers death. Fortinbras enabled us to see what Hamlet could not be, a true king. Some may ask why did he not act sooner? Hamlet couldnt, [--] his own ideas kept him from acting. He believed that the world held some special truth that would reveal itself to him if he looked hard enough. The tragedy is that the truth was revealed after he was already sentenced to death. 1 This writers use of the word obvious deserves some comment. If you look at the rest of the papers in this set, you will see that the similarities between Fortinbras and Hamlet are not so obvious-- few writers picked up on them, and none did as good a job at specifying them as did this writer. Here again, this writer backs up the statement with numerous specific examples. Some weak writers who are also weak thinkers will use words such as obvious when they have no evidence and may in fact be wrong. In such cases, the use of the word obvious is an attempt to cow the reader by implying that if the reader does not see what is supposed to be obvious then the reader is stupid. Be careful in using such words, and beware when you find them in your reading. (Another favorite is the phrase of course.) Please note that this sample paper on Hamlet Foils is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hamlet Foils, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Hamlet Foils will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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