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Epilepsy is a very serious illness that all should be aware of. Although most are treatable by medicine we must know what the person feels when they are going through this ordeal. We must also know when a person is going to have a seizure so that we can give the proper help need in case of a medical emergancy. Although it isnot life threatening it can be scary, not only for those we are watching, but for the epileptic themselves.When we talk about seizures we mean there is an unorganized discharge of electricity in the brain from many nerve cells (Svoboda, 17). This activity normally happens in the cerebral cortex, or the top layers of nerves of the crebrum. To maintain conscious control over ons self there has to be some kind of organized activity in the brain.Epilepsy comes from the Greek word meaning to seize upon. Another meaning fromthe Greek word is to be grabbed hold of or thrown down; to attack; to seie hold of (Svoboda, 17, P.). Schneider and Conrad (18) say, when someone is seized by a convulsion, he or she typically falls to the ground, displays contorted bodily movements, makes grunting noises, salivates uncontrollably and loses consciousness. (p. ). Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes said, If I wished to show a student the difficulties of getting a truth from medical experience I would give them the history of epilepsy to read (quoted in Lennox and Lennox, 160 1).When a person is having a seizure, he or she may experience not only a loss of consciousness, but sensation, strength, and coordination; these seizure can affect the epileptic in all degrees, such as only staring or going into a Grand Mal seizure (Lechtenburg, 184). Another word used for seizures is a force; all different things have described this force. Some of these things have been related to religious factors of that particular time. It has been related to the Devil, to other gods, spirits or another realm, and an imbalance of bodily fluids such as phlegm, blood, and water.
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During a Grand Mal, or Tonic-Clonic seizure, a person falls to the ground and has violent spasms throught the body. They are also known to gnash teeth, salivate, urinate, and/or defecate. After the seizure he or she may want to rest or sleep for the rest of the day because of the violent spasms making them dreadfully tired. Before one of these seizures occurs, there is normally an aura that will help warn when the epileptic that they are about to have a seizure. These auras can contain many different signs such as uncontrolled moving the head to the left and right, being demanding, pouring liquid in and out of containers, or drinking an unusual amount of water. During the aura, the epileptic is usually conscious and can take appropriate action if given enough time. This action may be to find a hiding place or it may be to lie down or to get comfortable. There are times when this aura only lasts a few moments before the actual seizure happens. These seizures described by the epileptics are defined as something magical or mythical being helpless in the hands of something, overwhelmed, hit on the head, our of control, and floating off someplace. Grand Mal seizures is the most common type of seizure with 50% of epileptics having them (Schneider & Conrad, 18).There are other types of seizures that are known to us, such as Petit Mal Seiures, meaning little seizures. And they may include a stare with very little movements or no movement (Svoboda, 17). These seizures are also described as being away or distant. Petit Mal usually only lasts for a few minutes, they sometimes only occur for only a few seconds. They may include some of the following a stare, preoccupied glance, timely blinking, small muscle spasms, lip smacking, chewing and picking at the clothes or at the body. This type of seizure is the second most common seizure with 5% of epileptics having them (Schneider & Conrad, 18). Other types of seizures are psychomotor seizure, seizures that have to do with odd behavior and odd movements. Akinetic seizures where the epileptic tends to just fall to the ground in the middle of what he or she might be doing at the present moment (Svoboda, 17).There are three myths to Epilepsy. The first myth is that Epilepsy is a heareditary disease. Epilepsy is not a disease it is a chronic illness. It is not hereditary (Schneider & Conrad, 18). Although the fact that it is a chronic illness. It is not hereditary is still being debated by many doctors that study this illness. There are many times when Epilepsy can be misdiagnosed for something else by mistake. In the book, Epilepsy and the Family by Richard Lechtenbergh, M.D. (184) it shows a few of the most common diseases that are wrongly diagnosed, such as Phenylketonuria (PKU), a very treatable infant blood disease, Turbeous Sclerosis, Neurofibromatosis, and Huntington Disease. It has also been known to think that epilepsy was a symptom of Schizophrenia (Caplan, Arbelle, Guthrie, Komo, Shields, Hanson & Sirichai, 17).The second myth about Epilepsy is that it leads to mental illness. This myth comes from the past when they said that Epilepsy was goverend from the moon and that it caused the epilptic to change moods into such things as psychopathology and mental disorders. In fact there are very few findings that epileptics are mentally disabled. There are studies that show that when a child has a seizure at a young age he or she may have some problems with the fact that they can have a lower IQ than other children (Caplan, Arbelle, Guthrie, Komo, Sheilds, Hansen & Sirichai, 17), The third and final myth is that epilepsy leads to a life of anger and crime. This myth goes back to the second myth because when they were difining inmates of some prisons they said that they were epileptic and that when a person becomes a chronic epileoptic that they have tendencies out of their control and can be pshycopaths and cause inhumane acts like that of killing or hurting someone (Schneider & Conrad, 18).There are several different treatments for Epilepsty; the most common as of right not are Anticonvulsants. These are drugs in which a doctor prescribes for a patient, they have to take it regularly or they will again have seizures. Some of the different Anticonvulants that are out there do have their side effects and they must be taken properly for the full treatment to work properly. Some of the most poplular drugs to use areTegretol (Carbamazepine), this drus is for treating partial seizure. Some of the possible side effects of this drug are dizziness, drowsiness, unsteadiness, and nausea. If it is a higher dosage the patient may have some more serious side effects such as double vision, headache unsteady walking, or decreased sodium levels in your blood. There have been a few rare cases of liver problems.Dilantin (Phenytoin) is for use with grand mal seizures. Dilntin can cause imbalance, slurred speech, decreased coordination, mental confusion, dizziness, nervousness, skin rashes, gum problems, and hair growth.Topomax (topiramate) is used for adults with complex seizure disorder. As with almost all of the anticonvulsants the most side effects are sleepiness, dizziness, poor coordination, slowed movements, and sleep tingle feeling in the hands and feet. It has also been known to cause glaucoma, speech disorders, moodiness, depression, nervousness, and jerky eye movements.Phenobarbital is bes for grand mal seizures. I can produce such side effects as deep sleep, irritability, slurred speech, imbalance, hyperactivity has also been seen as a possible side effect (John Hopkins, 001)/There are also certain stigmas connected to the disease Epilepsy. A stigma another word for a bad repuation with society. It has gotten so bad that it is not referred to patients as Epilepsy anymore but instead it is called Seizure Disorder. People with Epilepsy can run perfectly normal lives between seizures and should not be considered dangerous to work with or to be intimate with. With epilepsy from the one having the seizure was to spit back at the person There are many historical ways of having a seizure, some of those are drinking the blood of a warrior and eating some of this bone marrow. In the middle ages it was known as the falling sickness or the falling evil. In these times a disease was considered punishment for a sin. With all of these things going for an epileptic there are certain things today that people associate with this illness, some of those are cruel and some of them are ridiculous. Some of these discriminations are being banned from joining the armed forces, not being able to get insurance or a drivers license. There was a small study showing that most people today will accept epileptics compared to alcoholics, but is not as accepted as the blind. If an epileptic can find a job, the chances of them making the same amount of pay are highly unlikely. Most states require the epileptic to be seizure free, whether on medication or not, for at least a year before they can get a drivers license. the funny part about this fact is that most become epileptics because of a car acident. As far as marriages go there have been several states to make a law called eugenic marriage which forbids the epileptic to marry, these laws are no longer in effect. There have also been some laws such as eugentic sterilzation in Indiana that forbids epileptics to have children this law is no longer in effect. This law was made because it was once believed that epilepsy was inherited. There were a few laws that are also banished now, that epileptics that had seizures in public would get charged for doing so (Schnider & Conrad, 18)There are many things that can also happen within the family. Many epileptics say that their parents treated them like children even though they are grown adults. SOme even say that their parents want them to live with the permanently. As far as with an illness parents can be very good at being too careful. Most parents teach their children to hide their illness; in this way the parents are teaching their child that epilepsy is band and that it can destroy your life. Those parents who did teach child that epilepsy is bad and that it can destroy your life. Those parents who did teach their children that epilepsy was ok and that they can do anything regardless of their illness are the ones that said that their parents were very supportive in their effots ot make a better way in the doggy dog world. Some parents even taught their children that they were not as special because they had this horrible disease. Most epileptics say that they felt like they could never be close to their parents because they were not the perfect children that they wnated them to be (Schneider & Conrad, 18). Brothers and sisters can be the same way, especially if close in age.Doctors play a big roll with epileptics; they are dependant on them to give them the right medication so that their seizures are under control. Many epileptics say they are disappointed twith their doctors because they do not tell them what is really wrong. They describe this as dancing around the subject. They come in for the routine check-ups and the doctors probe them and send them on their way with a new prescription ro a refill on an old one (Schneider & Condrad, 18). It is very important for a child with epilepsy to be diagnosed right away or their epilepsy willb e much worse than one that was diagnosed withing the first seizure. These children show to have higher rates in tumors and other psychological problems. Benign childhood epilepsy affects about 6% of all children with epilepsy, this can cause the problem discussed above. Some of the symptoms of this are looking sickly and pale, they are normally quiet or testy, they may complain of being sick to their stomachs. SOme other symptoms may be having dialted pupils, flushing of the face, caughing, they may go to the bathroom a lot or very little, and they may have trouble brething. The one thing about this type of seizure is that they child may be in a seizure for about half an hour to 45 mintues. Anticonvusants will not help this epileptic, the most important thing is to have them know what is going on and to inform school teachers and friends of what is rong with the child so that they can take proper action at the time of the seizure occurrence. The parents, teachers, guardians, doctors, and the patiends themsevles must not take an over amount of drugs or it will bring on one of these seizures (Ferrie & Grunewald, 001).There are many studies done on epilepsy each and everyday. Those who do these studies are called Neorologists and the study is called Epidemiology (Svoboda, 17). Some of these studies are done on children. One of these studies is one that I found very interesting such as Treatments of Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Epilepsy. This study was showing that not all pediatricians give medicine to children who have seizures right away, although some do, most of them wait a year or more before this happens. This stude was done in Connecticut and it showed tha nearly 0% of children are not given a diagnoses at the time of the first seizure. Nearly 10% of those are not treated after a year of their first siezure. These pediatrition want to find out what is wrong with the child and see if they can fix it without a lot of medicine and doctor visits for the rest of their lives. The ones that are given medications when first diagnosed are given the drug Carbamazepine and Valproate (Berg, Levy, Testa & Shinner, 1).Remember that epilepsy may not be avoided and once in a person has it you have to remmeber that they may never be cured. It is not a scary disease and will not cause a person to be insane. Epilepsy is a normal funtion of life for those who have it and is normally treated with medication. It is not something to be scared of when someonehas a grand mal seizure in front of you, just make sure that you keep them as comfortable as possible and then do as they want you to do, for they know what is wrong with them. Remember that just because someone may have a blank spell or stare off into space, remember that we all do this on occasion and only if ther person is diagnosed showuld we give the person advice if they tell you that they do not need an ambulance. If they do request one be sure to apply the proper help needed. Only those who have epilepsy can truly tell us what it is like to have all of these things happening to them, although most of them say they do not remember having a seizure, they do remember what iis like when they wake up groggy from one. Berg, Anne T.; Levy, Susan R.; Teston, Francine M.; Shinner, Shlomo. (1) Treatment of newly diagnosed pediatric epilepsy. Proceedings of the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 15, 167.Caplan, Rochelle; Arbell, Shoshana; Guthrie, Donald; Komo, Scott; Shields, Donald; Hanson, Rebecca; Chayasirisobhon, Siricha. (1), proceedings of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 6, 18-15.Farrie, Colin D., Grunewalk, Richard A. (001). Panayiotopoulos syndrome A common and benign childhood epilepsy. Proceedings of the Lancet, 57, 81-84.Lechtenberg, Richard, M.D. (184). Epilepsy and the family. Massachusetts and England Harvard Univerity Press.Schneider, Joseph W., Conrad, Peter. (18), Philedelpia Temple Univeristy Press.Svoboda, William B. (17). Learning about epilepsy. Baltimore University Press.Epilepsy Center. John Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved from http//www.neuro.jhmi.edu/epilepsy/meds.html. Please note that this sample paper on Epilepsy is for your review only. 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