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Introduction"Culture is anything but nature." (Trompenaars and Turner, 17, 4)Culture influences all of people activities but naturally. Culture is varying between every country. Because of the variation, sometimes people can face problems. For example, the ways people give their name cards are different in every country. In Australia, people can give their name card by using one hand, but in Japan, name cards have to be given by using both of hands and after that read the name cards before put into pocket or bag. The purpose of this report is to describe what culture is and analyse how culture affects the conduct of businesses.
Definition of CultureEveryday people are dealing with culture; everything is related to culture, from the way people thinking to the food that people eat everyday. Simple thing like food can be symbol of culture. For example is spaghetti. When people want to eat spaghetti, they will automatically go to Italian restaurant because people know that spaghetti is from Italy.According to Trompenaars and Turner (17 1), there are three layers of culture, the outer layer, the middle layer and the core layer. The outer layer of culture is everything around people that can be symbol of different cultures, such as languages, food, buildings, agriculture, and fashions. From language that somebody speaks, people can easily recognise that the person is foreigner because of the different language that person speak and also the accent that different from the native speakers. Food from every country has their typical different taste. Buildings, such as houses, and monuments also have different characteristics for each country. Besides, every country has their way for agriculture because of different type of soil and climate in the country. Seasons in every country influence people clothing. People in four season's countries have four types of clothes, for spring, summer, winter and autumn. In other hand, people in tropical countries only have one type of cloth because there are only rainy and sunny day.The second layer of culture is the middle layer. This layer is related to the inner of people, how people think they should behave. The middle layer has a tight relation with norms and values. Norms are the social rules and guidelines that tell people about appropriate behaviour in particular situation and values are what people believe to be good or bad. In short, Norms give people a feeling of "this is how I normally should behave" and values give people a feeling of "this is how I aspire or desire to behave." (Trompenaars and Turner, 17, )The last layer of culture is the core layer. This layer can be called culture's root because this layer actually is the background of people. The core layer takes the most influence of culture forming. Culture can be changed because people realise that certain ways of doing things do not work properly any more. It also can be changed because of strong influence from people's environment that changes the outer and middle layer, so that the core layer also changes. Culture is easily changed when people are aware that the survival is needed. "The most basic value people strive for is survival" (Trompenaars and Turner, 17, ) To summarise the three layers, culture can be defined as a system of values and norms and everything around that are shared among a group of people that influence people behaviours. Culture and BusinessCulture and business cannot be separated. Culture takes an important part in the conduct of business. Before people conduct business in other countries, it is better if they have already known about cultures of the country that they are going to deal with. Some countries do business based on individualist culture, but some other countries do business based on communitarian culture. Religions also take part in the conduct of business. Communitarians vs. IndividualistsCommunitarians and individualists have opposite way in doing business. Communitarians tend to do business for group goals and objectives. Not like communitarians, individualists tend to do business for self-satisfaction and self esteem. (Trompenaars and Turner, 17, 67)In individualist culture, people want that the decisions are quickly decided but in communitarian culture, decisions need time to consent and consult. (Trompenaars and Turner, 17, 67) This case is happened between westerners and Chinese. For westerners, time is money, so that they always want to make a quick deal. For Chinese, people must build relationships before start to talk about business. In communitarian culture, the whole group is the first and try not to show off. But oppositely, proud to be the first with high performance is important in individualist culture. (Trompenaars and Turner, 17, 67) Communitarian culture and individualist culture always use opposite way in business. That is why people need to have the ability to deal with both cultures to be success in business. People with individualist background have to adjust their self to deal with communitarian people and also communitarian need to do the same. ReligionReligion may be defined as a system that share beliefs and rituals that concerned with the realm of the sacred. There are five religions that dominant in the world, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Confucianism as cultural factors contributes the success of Asia countries. Confucianism was taught by Confucius who was born in China around 500 B.C. "His teachings are mainly concerned with practical ethics of daily life without any addition of religion elements" (Samovar and Porter, 16, 18) Confucianism is treated by many of its adherents as a religion.Confucius taught that human relationships will be good if base on the five basic relationships, which are between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother and between friends. The ruler must be fair and the subject must loyal. Father must show love and son must obey and respect. Husband is the initiator and wife is the follower. The older brother and the younger brother take care of each other. Finally, friends must faith to each other. (Samovar and Porter, 16, 1)One example of the application of the five basic relationships is in Japan. The employees of Japanese company are loyal to the leaders of the organisation, and in return the leaders give them lifetime employment.Confucius also taught that "individuals must follow a proper way and a proper ritual in social interaction". (Samovar and Porter, 16, 0) The application of this theory is by using intermediaries. Many countries in East Asia, intermediaries are used to help people to launch a new relationship and also in solving problems. By using indirect interaction, people want to avoid an embarrassing confrontation. (Samovar and Porter, 16, 0)ConclusionInternational business is very complicated because countries differ in many ways. Vary cultures from country to country take important part within business because cultures in a country can influence people attitudes and the way people think. That is why people have to know about culture in a country before they launch their business there. ReferencesLustig, M. W. and Koester, J. 18, Intercultural Competence Interpersonal Communication Across Cultures, rd edn, Addison Wesley Longman Inc., United States. Samovar, L. A. and Porter, R. E. 16, Intercultural Communication A Reader, 8th edn, Wadsworth Publishing Company, United States. Trompenaars, F. and Turner, C. H. 17, Riding The Waves Of Culture Understanding Cultural Diversity In Business, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, London. Please note that this sample paper on What is culture? What effect does culture has on the conduct of business? Explain, and give examples. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on What is culture? What effect does culture has on the conduct of business? Explain, and give examples., we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on What is culture? 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