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Analysis and EvaluationThe experiment I carried out was a titration of a sample of Acid Rain.I used a 0.01 mol dm solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)The acid in the gacid rain sampleh is Sulphuric Acid. The equation for the reaction in this titration is therefore
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H SO (aq) + NaOH(aq) ¨ Na SO (aq) + H OThe results I have obtained from my titration of the acid rain sample are below.The titration value I obtained was 7.4cm of Sodium Hydroxide Solution to turn the Phenolphthalein Indicator pink in the sample of acid rain. Test NumberAmount of Acid Rain (cm )Starting Amount of Sodium hydroxide(cm )Starting Point of Sodium Hydroxide(cm )Finishing Point of Sodium Hydroxide (cm )Final Amount of Sodium Hydroxide Used. (cm ) Test 110.0cm50.0cm0.0cm.0cm.0cmTest 10.0cm50.0cm0.0cm7.0cm7.0cmTest 10.0cm50.0cm0.0cm7.5cm7.5cmTest 410.0cm50.0cm0.0cm7.4cm7.4cmTest 510.0cm50.0cm0.0cm7.4cm7.4cmTest 610.0cm50.0cm0.0cm7.4cm7.4cmThe average titration value I obtained from the Titrating of the acid rain sample was 7.4cm .With this value I can work out the actual molarity of the acid rain sample.The molarity of the acid rain sample from my calculations is 0.007 mol dm .Acids are known as acids due to their ability to transfer H ions. The substance that accepts the H ions is called a Base. An example of an acid base reaction is the reaction between Hydrogen Chloride with Ammonia.The compound formed is Ammonia Chloride.HCl(g) + NH (g) ¨ NH Cl (s)In the above reaction, H ions are transferred from the HCl to the NH .The HCl acting as the acid while the NH behaves as the base.This is known as an acid-base reaction.I feel that my practical went well. This is proven by the fact that I achieved consistency and proves that this experiment can be both reliable and accurate. In the titration out of six titrations, I got identical titres. Also by choosing relatively accurate instruments I minimise error through instrument limitations. The pipette and burette have an accuracy of approximately } 0.05cm . So any error through equipment is small, yet it still has to be taken into consideration. I feel that there was little drawback in the procedure and any drawback was minimal. An example of this is the splashes that occur in the conical flask during the titration, which some of it gets on the sides of the conical flask. The pipette that I was using was holding back some of the solution each time but I got rid of this by blocking of the top end and wrapping my hand around the pipette, warming the insides slightly and pushing the drop out.Some errors are likely to come from measurements. A source of error would involve the meniscus. This error would be present in the burette and pipette. This error must also be taken into consideration. Another form of human error would be the judgement in colour change. In titration it is impossible for one to judge the solution during the end point of the indicator to be the exact same colour all three times with just the naked eye. This is another limitation in the method of the experiment. During titration the colour change can be very fast, to counter this I have used a weak concentration of NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), which is why I have used a concentration of 0.01 mol dm rather than 0.0 mol dm . The experiment can be improved by using a computer and a digital camera. If the computer could hold the colour of the initial titration then one could do the second titration while looking at the computer screen, so both titrations would be stopped at exactly the same colour. This would reduce the human error when it comes to the colour change of the indicator, making the results more fair, accurate and reliable. Another way I could have improved the experiment was if I was to use a larger quantity of NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) for the titrations and, as a whole would reduce the percentage error. Also by repeating the experiment more times I could have obtained a better average result and therefore a more accurate result. To conclude, my results are reliable as they are consistent with each other and I have managed to avoid making any large errors. Please note that this sample paper on Titration is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Titration, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Titration will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.
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