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Hobbes vs Locke Nowadays, especially after the terrorist acts on September 11, 001 and the war in
Iraq, terrorism is on-top issue discussion that turns the attention of the whole world. The reason for that is that the nations are threatened for their security and safety. Constant conflicts and wars keep people in tension. What should the government do for the national security? I would like to contemplate on this question by looking at the theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are two political philosophers; their theories were about the formation of the society and discussing the men in his natural state. Even though they both believed that men naturally have to some extent equality and freedom, what makes their concepts differ is the presence or absence of the natural law. While Hobbes' position is confined on the importance of security and that the government needs to have the power to take any necessary step to maintain peace and to avoid war and conflict, Locke's position is comprehensive on the right of liberty and that the government's role and purpose is to conserve and to accord the liberty and freedom of every individual. If we take a look at Hobbes' theory about the natural state, that means the condition men were in before political government came into existence, is that people are at constant war, a war of all against all. In their nature, people are selfish and tend to do everything for their own reason. Hobbes says that the natural reason is something that is inside the person head and that the reason does not have power to establish the civilized relationships between, people, thus the sovereign is needed as a tool to establish the civilization. He contends that if there is not power to keep people in awe, they will continually be in war against each other. Hobbes believed that without the ruler with the power, society would fall into the state of nature. For this reason, the power of the sovereign must be absolute. Hobbes theory is based on the fact that there is a law of nature, in nature, where everyone has almost equal power and is as vulnerable as others, but even if it comes to killing each other; people have common interest to preserve themselves from being vulnerable by any means. Hobbes stated that there are the laws of nature which are dictated by the reason. One of them is that because the state of war is unbearable, people should seek peace. Another law described by Hobbes, is that for people to get into one society, the agreement should be made among them. The agreement can be made naturally (as the society is formed by animals) or artificially. As human beings have such revenge, like or dislike, the agreement should be made artificially. People should build a common wealth to force themselves to live in peace. One person or the group of people is given the power to protect the rest of the society submitting to them. As people do it by the agreement they have no rights to change the government (the desire to change it might be derived from the people's natural state to be at war). The only time when people can change the government is when the government does not protect them any longer, which was actually the reason for why they entered the society. Under Hobbes theory, people enter the society for the reason that, as they all feel vulnerable at the state of war, they wish to get together to be in peace. Thus, the role of government is in any way protecting their feeling of security even if it comes to war. Contrary to Thomas Hobbes, John Locke's belief is that men in its nature are independent and equal. Locke states that what makes us behave in civilized way is that people are governed by the reason. John Locke in his theory shows that the civilization is independent from the government and that fundamental rights, the rights that are not derived by the government regulations, exist independent from the sovereign. The natural rights, for instance freedom of speech, proprietary rights, etc, are God-given rights that people have since they are born. Therefore, the reason for why people enter the society is to get their natural rights protected. As John Locke says in his work, the state of nature of the men is the state of the freedom to made any action and order their possessions in what ever way they like and want it to be and that freedom should not be intervened by any other person. According to Locke, the state of nature lacks impartial judges, precise laws and sufficient power to uphold moral laws, protecting people and their natural rights. Thus, a democratic government is needed, so that the elected government can only rule by consent with the ruled people and there is no need that the government should have total power over the people. The government is formed with the basic purpose to serve the rights of the common good of the people, that is to protect the rights of the subjects and to represent the will of the majority. John Locke states that people have the right to disobey the ruler's order or regulations if illegal actions are mad towards their freedom and independence and they can change the ruler by establishing new legislation for their safety and security. The theory of John Locke seems to be more reasonable, because people do tend to act freely (let's take the will of people to get promotion at work and do the job independently) and think that they are free from any other person. As a result, any kind of authority brings limits to the independence and freedom of theruled people. Both thinkers had described this issue in their theories. Therefore, in a time of war and crisis, such the September 11, 001 attack, Hobbes' position will be that in a critical period, whereby the national security of the country is the primary goal of the government, any necessary steps to pertain the safety are admissible and justified. Hobbes reply to the terrorists would be that the government should by any means protect the security of the people living in the community.But that's mean, that for the sake of security, the individual rights are overlap when the government takes precautions that would also encroach upon the freedom of the individuals living in society. As we can look right now how the debate in United States goes between security and civil rights, we can see how the Hobbesian viewpoint has been adopted. People who are suspected of terrorism are arrested without to file charges against them and or even much worse, a non-citizen civil person can be tried in military tribunals. Locke, in contrary, would sustain the need of liberty and civil rights, even though government resides in time of war. In this time of insecurity, the role of government is by any means to protect the society, but the necessary security measures should be in such a respect that it does not hinder the people from their natural rights. In consequence, Locke's position on liberty rights is more consistent because it protects the individual rights and the Hobbesian position on security is not justified when it neglects and disadvantages the liberty of the people. Wartime sacrifices civil liberties, but is important to see in which mass. The "war on terrorism" is not likely to be a temporary situation of war. The decisions that the government takes in that time restricts everybody in his liberty, so that a Lockean position would be more adequate. Please note that this sample paper on hobbes and locke is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on hobbes and locke, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on hobbes and locke will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.
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